Grains of winter rye have a high content of nutrients – protein, fat, sugars, vitamin-mineral compounds and others.
Rye in the form of grain, green fodder, grain waste is an excellent feed for livestock. Because winter rye is a fast-growing spring plant, it is used as the earliest green forage.
On average, rye grain contains about 52 to 63% starch, 9 to 17% protein, 1.6 to 1.9% fat. The main areas of distribution are sandy and clay soils of low fertility and high acidity. In other words, where other crops produce significantly low yields.
Feeding of winter rye
According to research institutions, the introduction of 30-40 t / ha of organic complex fertilizers on sod-podzolic soils Polesie promotes yield increases of 7-8 c / ha. Of organic fertilizers use manure, peat and manure composts enriched with phosphate meal. On the soils of Polesie make 30-40 t / ha, on gray forest and black soils Steppe – 20-25 t / ha of organic complex fertilizers, mainly under the precursors of winter rye.
What are the benefits of fertilizer for rye?
Nitrogen additives
Nitrogen mono-fertilizers work better when applied at several times during the growing season. On poor sandy soils, it is advisable to apply some nitrogen (N30) under the main cultivation, and the rest of the nitrogen should be shifted to spring top-ups. Nitrogen application rules for rye are the same as for rye. At the beginning of the growing season, depending on the density of plants, their development, moisture and nitrogen reserves in the soil, make during the first feeding N30-50. At the emergence phase of the tube is fed a second time (N30-60), and in the phase of earing – a third time (N20-40). The later the sowing is done, the higher rate is set for the first feeding. It may range from N60-80. In this case, the dose of the second feeding is reduced to N30-40, and in the earing phase – N40. Nitrogen in the tillering phase increases the density of the productive stem, in the phase of entering the tube – increases the ear earliness, and in the earing phase – the weight of 1000 grains and protein content in the grain.
Phosphorus nutrition
The application of potassium and phosphorus mono-fertilizers leads to increased frost tolerance of plants. In addition, phosphorus-potassium fertilizers contribute to the accumulation of sugars in the plant, because a lack of potassium increases the intensity of respiration, and, therefore, increases the consumption of sugars. Potassium and phosphorus increase the water-holding capacity of protoplasm colloids and the persistence of protein compounds.
Winter rye has a strong root system, able to penetrate from fall to greater depths and use nutrients more fully.
In addition, the root system of rye has the ability to assimilate nutrients from hard-soluble compounds, such as phosphorus from phosphorites, better than other crops. However, winter rye, like wheat, requires a normal supply of phosphorus at the beginning of growth, which contributes to strong and healthy seedlings, good root system development, and improves nitrogen utilization.
Potassium nutrition
Winter rye is a crop that responds moderately to potassium mono-fertilizers. When rye’s need for potassium is met, stronger plants with sturdier, less prone to lodging stems develop. Lack of potassium leads to weakening of assimilative activity of plants, slowing down the outflow of plastic substances from leaves to growing plant organs.
At the same time, the consumption of carbohydrates for respiration increases. Significant lack of potassium supply from autumn leads to weakening of tillering energy of plants, the formation of stems with weak development of mechanical tissues and weakening of their resistance to lodging. Plants become much more susceptible to fungal diseases. The use of potash fertilizers on sandy soils is especially important.
Magnesium supply
In the ripe grain of winter rye, the protein content in the plants of the magnesium variants, as a rule, was higher by 1-1.5% than in the grain of the plants of the control variants. Under the influence of magnesium, the amount of non-protein nitrogen fraction in ripe grain significantly decreased, which contributed to the improvement of grain quality of winter rye. Protein accumulation in winter rye grain is largely determined by the content of magnesium in the leaves. Magnesium, on the one hand, increases the outflow of nitrogenous substances from the leaves to the reproductive organs, which serve as material for protein synthesis. On the other hand, magnesium, as studies by many authors have shown (activates protein biosynthesis.
Sulfuric feeding
Sulfur, like nitrogen, is a constituent of protein in plants. If it is deficient in the nutrient medium, nitrogen recovery and assimilation by plants stops. To diagnose a lack of sulfur, it was proposed to consider the critical content of its mobile compounds in the soil – less than 12 mg/kg. Symptoms of sulfur deficiency are almost the same as those of nitrogen deficiency, but more pronounced. The plants are weakly bushy, stunted, light green to completely yellow.
Fertilizer application for winter rye
Winter rye responds well to mineral fertilizers. Average recommended doses of nutrients (NPK) are 45-60 kg a.c./ha of each element. Application rates depend on the fertility of the specific land and the level of planned yields. Application at a dose of 45 to 60 kg a.d./ha provides rye grain yield of 0.2 – 0.9 t/ha.
Fertilizer system for winter rye
Phosphorus and potassium nutrition
Doses of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers are determined, taking into account the content of mobile phosphate and exchangeable potassium in the soil (Table 10.6) On soils with low content of mobile P2O5 and K2O (150-200 mg / kg soil) phosphorus and potassium fertilizer doses must match the removal of P2O5 and K2O the crop.
When cultivating winter rye on sod-podzolic, gray forest soils and leached chernozems it is advisable to use phosphate meal as the main fertilizer with a dose of 140-160 kg/ha of P2O5, which is 1.5-2 times cheaper than superphosphate or superphos, and is as effective on acidic soils. Along with the main application of phosphate fertilizers, to ensure good sprouts, root system development and good overwintering of plants during sowing winter rye in the rows should be made granulated superphosphate or ammophos at the rate of 10-15 kg / ha P2O5.
Pre-sowing application of potash fertilizer is generally ineffective.
Nitrogen Feeding
For winter rye, two applications of nitrogen mono-fertilizer are sufficient. The first – at a dose of 60-70 kg/ha a.d. with the resumption of vegetation and the second – in the phase of the beginning of the emergence of the tube at a dose of 25-30 kg/ha a.d.
The best form of nitrogen fertilizer for first application is CAS. To form a grain yield of more than 50 c/ha and higher requires optimization of all factors of mineral nutrition, including increased doses of nitrogen mono-fertilizers and use of micronutrients. Micronutrients such as copper and manganese are especially important for winter rye.
The optimal time of foliar feeding with micronutrients is at the stage of the first node. For winter rye, one fertilization with copper and manganese at a dose of 50 g/ha a.d. Manganese fertilizers are effective on soils with рНСІ above 6.0.
Micronutrients for winter rye
Along with simple microfertilizers (sulfuric copper, manganese sulfate), it is effective to use liquid microfertilizers that contain copper and manganese in the form of chelated compounds and are more technologically advanced in application. Their use is determined primarily by the financial capabilities of farms, because they are usually more expensive than simple microfertilizers.
Combined application with fungicides
It is effective to use CAS on winter crops together with fungicides, in particular, with baileton and fundazole. The dose of fungicides in mixture with CAS is 0.5-0.6 kg/ha. When CAS is applied together with retardants and fungicides, it is also necessary to dilute the mixture with water, depending on the air temperature, in the ratio of 1:2 – 1:3
Application of organochelate fertilizers (from staining)
Complex fertilizers containing organic metal compounds are called oragnochelate. Organochelate complex fertilizers contain a complex of vital trace elements. The characteristic properties of these agronomic agents:
- High solubility and speed of assimilation by plants, which leads to fast results.
- Absolute non-toxicity, environmentally friendly.
- The chelated forms of micronutrients are 90% absorbable, as opposed to 30-40% mineral.
- Unobstructed passage through the leaf surface.
- No cross-reactions with the formation of non-absorbable chemical compounds.
- Iron chelate is one of the most popular remedies.
The use of complex organochelate fertilizers is governed by the same rules that apply to trace elements in their composition. It is only necessary to make adjustments to the method of application and absorption by the plants.
The efficiency of perception of complex fertilizers through the leaf surface is higher than that of root dressing alone. Therefore, leaf feeding is an important component of the measures that have a positive effect on the yield of winter crops in general. An important point: feeding by leaf is an additional solution that goes along with the root application of fertilizers.
The result of using complex organochelate and mono fertilizers “O-RAISE” produced by ” Zoloto Poley ” is the effective formation of crop immunity, which preserves indicative yields even under adverse climatic conditions.
Fertilizers “O-RAISE”, produced by ” Zoloto Poley ” form the correct physiology of ears of winter rye, which is reflected in the quality of the crop. Plus: an overall increase in the number of grains in each ear.
In fact: the competent application of fertilizers as a root and foliar nutrition will adjust the quality of growth and development of ears, the characteristics of grain, resistance to disease and adverse climatic conditions. The company ” Zoloto Poley ” offers a complex organochelate and mono fertilizers, which include a full set of trace elements and useful substances. Order details, advice on proper selection and current prices can be obtained from the company representatives by calling *26-01. The results of drug application, reviews of “ZOLOTO POLEY” products and application programs can be found on the website or by clicking on the links.
